Effects of postoperative antioxidants on the salivary glands in patients with thyroid cancer undergoing radioactive iodine-131 treatment.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three antioxidants, selenium yeast capsule, vitamin E and vitamin C, alone or in combination, on the salivary glands of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated with iodine-131 ( 131 I). METHODS: A total of 69 postoperative DTC patients were randomly divided into three groups: vitamin E combined with vitamin C group (21 cases); selenium yeast group (23 cases); and selenium yeast combined with vitamin C group (25 cases). Salivary gland functional changes were assessed by salivary gland dynamic imaging functional parameters in the enrolled patients before and 1 month after 131 I treatment. RESULTS: Comparison of salivary gland function parameters before and after 131 I treatment in the three groups were evaluated. In the vitamin E combined with the vitamin C group, the left parotid gland excretion fraction (EF) value was significantly higher than that before treatment. In the selenium yeast group, the left parotid gland excretion part, bilateral parotid gland excretion ratio (ER), left submandibular gland maximum uptake ratio within 20 min (UR20), and the right submandibular gland ER values were significantly higher than that before treatment, while in the selenium yeast combined with vitamin C group, the bilateral parotid gland EF, bilateral submandibular gland UR20, EF, and left submandibular gland ER values were significantly higher than that before treatment (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: During high-dose 131 I treatment, vitamin E combined with vitamin C improved the excretory function of parotid glands in DTC patients; selenium supplementation had a protective effect on salivary glands; and the combination of selenium and vitamin C had a better effect.

Comparison of morbidity and mortality after radical cystectomy between individuals older and younger than 80 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes related to survival and post-operative complications in individuals older and younger than 80 years with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS: We conducted a systematic search using three large databases: PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. We included observational studies comparing outcomes between individuals older than 80 years and younger patients undergoing RC. The outcomes of interest included overall survival, disease-specific survival, progression-free survival, and risk of post-operative complications. We applied a random effects model for the analysis and reported pooled effect sizes as odds ratios (ORs) or hazards ratios (HRs) along with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: We analyzed 21 studies. Our results show that individuals older than 80 years had higher risks of mortality at 30 days (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.97, 4.04), 90 days (OR 3.34; 95% CI 2.61, 4.27), 12 months (HR 3.03; 95% CI 2.64, 3.49), and 24 months (HR 3.54; 95% CI 2.27, 5.50) of the post-operative follow-up than younger individuals. In addition, individuals older than 80 years also had poor 5-year survivals (HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.64, 2.88), an increased risk of 5-year cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.24, 2.03), poor 5-year recurrence free survivals (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.07, 2.08), and high complications risks (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02, 1.42) when compared to younger patients. CONCLUSION: Individuals older than 80 years undergoing RC are likely to have poor survival-related outcomes and increased complications risks. Pre-planned comprehensive geriatric assessments (CGAs) may be needed to offer better peri- and post-operative care to improve the outcomes in this patient population.

Wound infection in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy compared with retropubic radical prostate surgery: A meta-analysis.

A meta-analysis investigation was executed to measure the wound infection (WI) in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RRP) compared with retropubic radical prostate surgery (RRPS). A comprehensive literature investigation till February 2023 was applied, and 1197 interrelated investigations were reviewed. The 19 chosen investigations enclosed 107 153 individuals with prostate cancer (PC) at the starting point. 72 008 of them were utilising RRP, and 35 145 were utilising RRPS. Odds ratio (OR) in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was utilised to compute the value of the WI in RRP compared with RRPS by the dichotomous approaches and a fixed or random model. RRP had significantly lower surgical site wound infection (SSWI) (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.21-0.52, P < .001) and infected lymphoceles (ILs) (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.92, P = .03) compared with RRPS in individuals with PC. RRP had significantly lower SSWI and ILs compared with RRPS in individuals with PC. However, care must be exercised when dealing with its values because of the low sample size of some of the nominated investigations for the meta-analysis.

Screening of renal clear cell carcinoma prognostic marker genes based on TCGA and GTEx chip data and construction of transcription factor-related regulatory networks.

This study aimed to identify prognostic marker genes for renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) and construct a regulatory network of transcription factors and prognostic marker genes. Three hundred eighty-six genes were significantly differentially expressed in RCCC, with functional enrichment analysis suggesting a relationship between these genes and kidney function and development. Cox and Lasso regression analyses revealed 10 prognostic marker genes (RNASET2, MSC, DPEP1, FGF1, ATP1A1, CLDN10, PLG, SLC44A1, PCSK1N, and LGI4) that accurately predicted RCCC patient prognosis. Upstream transcription factors of these genes were also identified, and in vitro experiments suggested that ATP1A1 may play a key role in RCCC patient prognosis. The findings of this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of RCCC and may have implications for personalized treatment strategies.

Royleanone diterpenoid exhibits potent anticancer effects in LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells by inducing mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, suppression of cell migration and downregulation of mTOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.

PURPOSE: Prostate cancer is a deadly malignancy and is responsible for significant cancer-related mortality in men. The incidence of prostate cancer is continuously increasing across the globe and the existing treatment options for this disease are limited and associated with a lot of side effects. Therefore there is an urgent need to identify novel and efficient therapeutic agents for the management of prostate cancer. In the current study we evaluated the anticancer activity of royleanone diterpenoid against prostate cancer LNCaP cell line. METHODS: The anticancer activity of royleanone was determined by CCK8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by acridine orange and ethidium bromide as well as by annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle analysis were investigated by flow cytometry and protein expression by western blotting. RESULTS: The results showed that royleanone exerts potent anticancer activity on LNCaP prostate cancer cells with an IC50 of 12.5 µM at 48 hrs of incubation. The anticancer activity of royleanone was due to induction of cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, royleanone could also suppress the cell migration potential and inhibited the mTOR/ PI3/AKT signalling pathway in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we propose that royleanone could prove to be an important anticancer lead molecule for the treatment and overall management of prostate cancer, provided further in vivo studies are carried out.